What is the difference between a bactrian camel and a arabian camel

The males bulls tend to become more aggressive during mating season. They will snap at each other and neck wrestle. When agitated a camel will spit regurgitated food at the agitator. Predators Humans are the main predator of the camel population. Other than humans, the only predator is the tiger. The fur or coat on a camel can reflect the sun and insulate the animal from the heat radiated from the desert environment.

Camels can withstand variations in temperature and water intake beyond what other animals can handle. Their body temperatures range from 93 F during the night and F during the day. This variation helps them reduce the amount of fluid they lose from sweating. Camels have oval shaped red blood cells which helps keep blood flowing in dehydrated states.

The cells can also handle the changes that occur when the camel consumes large amounts of water. This process is called osmotic variation. The nostrils of a camel trap and recycle water vapor from exhalation and return it back to the body, reducing the amount of water lost during the respiration process. This inside lid is very thin - when closed the camel can still see through it. The waste of a camel releases very little moisture. Their urine is the consistency of syrup and their fecal pellets are dry enough to use as fire fuel or cooking fuel.

There are a number of different sounds that the camel can make. Grumpling, bellowing and grunting sounds are common. They also can bleat like a goat or lamb. They also make a loud roaring noise. They have two humps. The wild species is considered to be endangered as only about remain in northwest China and Mongolia. Camels, of course! Wonder Friends already know that camels can go a long time without drinking. And it's not because they store water in their humps. Those are filled with fat!

But why do some camels have one hump and others have two? Would you believe there is more than one type of camel? It's true! Camels belong to one of two species : Dromedary or Bactrian. Dromedary or Arabian camels have one hump. Bactrian camels have two humps.

If you think it's hard to remember which type of camel has how many humps, it's not! Just turn the first letter of each name onto its flat side. There are other differences between Dromedary and Bactrian camels besides the number of humps they have.

Bactrian camels come from Central and East Asia. Both types of camels have been domesticated for use as working animals for over 4, years. In fact, of the millions of camels alive today, there are very few, if any, living in the wild. Most working camels can now be found in Africa, Southwest Asia, and Australia.

Bactrian camels tend to be larger than Dromedaries. They also have to withstand harsher climates, like the Gobi Desert of Asia. Dromedaries easily outnumber Bactrian camels. Experts believe the population of domesticated Bactrian camels is around 2 million. There are more than 14 million Dromedaries around the world.

Camels are amazing creatures that have some unique features that make them great working animals. For example, camels have a third eyelid that moves sideways like a windshield wiper on a car. It helps to keep sand out of their eyes. Camels are also extremely strong. They can carry riders or more miles in a day. Camels can also carry almost 1, pounds on their backs, but they travel shorter distances 25 miles per day or less when carrying such heavy loads.

If you ever get the chance to ride a camel, you'll understand that they're intelligent animals that have good eyesight and hearing. They can also be very noisy — grunting , moaning , bellowing , and roaring to communicate their happiness or displeasure with their situation! Are you ready to learn more about camels? Be sure to check out the following activities with a friend or family member:. Do you remember where the different types of camels are from?

What do you know about the climates there? Does that maybe have something to do with the amount of fur they have? Thank you for sharing all the awesome facts you found! Hi, Sherry! We think Mr. ROCKS, too! We hope you're super careful about eating bubbles. Sometimes eating things that aren't made for eating like soap is really bad for you and can make you super sick. It's best stick to the candy and gum kind of bubbles We're so happy you thought this Wonder was interesting We're glad you learned some cool new facts about camels, Joseph!

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We are super excited! Welcome to Wonderopolis, Ciara! We're so glad you stopped by today and learned some FUN facts about camels! We think they're pretty cool, too, Ashlyn! Thanks for letting us know that you liked today's Wonder, Emily! We're glad about that! Great job! We're not sure, but we think we may have seen a photograph of a camel with three humps before!

Maybe that is another type of Bactrian camel? We think it would be FUN to ride a camel, don't you, Matthew? We really enjoy visiting the camels at the zoo! It's great to hear from you, Rahul! Hi, Selina! We're really happy to hear that you learned something new about camels by visiting Wonderopolis today! Hi, Stefani! We're glad you learned some fun new facts about camels! Happy Friday to you, too, Mrs.

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You have answered 0 of 3 questions correctly and your score is:. Hybrid camels: a kospak 3, b , c kez-nar , and d kurt. Hybrid camels: a iner-maya , b nar-maya , c kospak 1 , and d kospak 2. Figure 14 summarizes the various modifications done by Kazakh scientists to the Turkmen Hybridization Method. As in the original hybridization scheme, the iner-maya , obtained by crossing a female dromedary with a male Bactrian camel, is back-crossed with a male dromedary of Turkmen breed to give birth to an F2 hybrid named kurt.

After this, different cross-breeding strategies are implemented. The first F2, kurt or kurt 1 , is again back-crossed with a Turkmen dromedary to produce an F3 hybrid named kurt 2 , or sapaldryks , and this then back-crossed again with a Turkmen dromedary to produce an F4 hybrid fourth filial generation named kurt 3. This hybrid finally is back-crossed yet again to produce an F5 hybrid fifth filial generation named kurt 4.

This last hybrid, with Phenotypically, this new breed is indistinguishable from a dromedary since the three successive back-crossings with the Turkmen dromedary have stabilized the shape of their single hump and removed the presence of the typical Bactrian body hair on the neck, forearms, and head Fig.

However, the milk of Kazakh dromedary has a higher fat content percentage than the milk of the Turkmen dromedary with an average fat content of 4. However, female kurt hybrids are often back-crossed with pure Bactrian camels.

In such cases, F2 kurt 1 give birth to an F3 hybrid named kurt-nar 1 while F3 kurt 2 produce an F4 hybrid named kurt-nar 2 Kazakhstan Patent Database a. These areas of hair growth are absent in pure dromedaries while these are always present in varying degree in hybrids.

A three-breed cross can be carried out crossing an F4 kurt-nar 2 hybrid with a Kazakh dromedary producing a new type of F5 hybrid called baytur Kazakhstan Patent Database c. A three-breed cross is also done crossing a female F2 kurt 1 with the Kazakh dromedary male to obtain a new type of F3 hybrid named bai-nar Kazakhstan Patent Database Bai-nar may occasionally be crossed with the new Kazakh dromedary or a pure-bred Bactrian camel, generating hybrids that are reported to reach maturity at an earlier age.

One can also cross an F3 kurt 2 again with a Kazakh dromedary male to obtain a new type of F4 hybrid named bekdas. Finally, bekdas can be back-crossed with a Kazakh dromedary producing a new type of F5 hybrid named bekdas-nar Kazakhstan Patent Database d. Figure 16 illustrates the various steps. It begins by crossing a male of the new Kazakh dromedary with a female F1 iner-maya to produce a new F2 hybrid named bayshin.

This will then be back-crossed with a pure male Bactrian camel generating a new F3 hybrid named baykazhy-nar. Females of this new hybrid will be further back-crossed with a male Turkmen dromedary producing a new F4 hybrid named ardas which will be back-crossed again with a Kazakh dromedary to produce a new F5 hybrid named sannak Baimukanov et al.

The Kazakh Hybridization Method has been further modified by Kazakh scientists. Two main breeding plans have been developed, one involving crossing the nar-maya with the newly developed breed of Kazakh dromedary and another one using the Turkmen breed of dromedary.

Figure 17 schematically shows the first approach. It is a three-way cross using the newly developed breed Kazakh dromedary. The F1 nar-maya is back-crossed with a male of Kazakh dromedary to produce a new F2 hybrid named aydaramir-arada. This hybrid will be then back-crossed to a Bactrian camel to produce a new F3 hybrid named aydaramir-nar that will be again back-crossed to a dromedary of the Turkmen breed to produce a new F4 hybrid named aydaramir-kurt.

This latest hybrid will finally be back-crossed to the new breed of Kazakh dromedary obtaining a new F5 hybrid named aydaramir Baimukanov et al. The second hybridization strategy consists of crossing the F1 nar-maya with a male dromedary of the Turkmen breed to obtain an F2 hybrid arada-kurt also named Dostik 1.

This hybrid will be crossed with the new breed of Kazakh dromedary obtaining a new F3 hybrid named arada-nar. The new breed has a Bactrian camel genetic make-up of F2 arada-kurt may also be used to develop a line of hybrids named Dostik by back-crossing repeatedly with dromedaries of the Turkmen breed. The mating generates an F3 hybrid named Dostik 2 and subsequently an F4 hybrid Dostik 3.

These latest hybrids are bred among each other and generate an F5 hybrid simply named type Dostik 3 Baimukanov et al. Modern variations of the Kazakh Hybridization Method leading to the production of new hybrids: dromedary type Dostik 3 , arada , and aydaramir. The second variation of the Kazakh Hybridization Method is shown in Fig.

With this breeding method, the F1 nar-maya is back-crossed to a male Bactrian camel to produce an F2 hybrid named kospak 1 or bal-kospak. This hybrid is then further back-crossed with a Bactrian male to obtain a new F3 hybrid named kopsak 2 or myrza kospak , and again to obtain a new F4 hybrid named kospak 3 or nar-kospak Kazakhstan Patent Database b.

All the hybrid kospaks can be back-crossed with Turkmen dromedaries to produce various types of hybrids named kez-nars. Baidara may occasionally be crossed with the new Kazakh dromedary or a pure-bred Bactrian camel as this seems to increase early reproductive maturity. The Kazakh dromedary is also utilized by crossing it with a female F5 kez-nar 3 to produce a new F6 hybrid sixth filial generation named baidasbeck Kazakhstan Patent Database b.

Recently, a variation of this scheme has been added by utilizing the larger breed of Bactrian camel: Kalmyk breed Fig. When crossing a female F3 kospak with a male Bactrian camel of Kalmyk breed, a valuable new F3 hybrid is obtained named bereket-kospak , which produces a new F4 hybrid named bereket-nar when crossed with a male Turkmen dromedary Kazakhstan Patent Database a.

Bactrian camel stud of the Kalmyk breed. The main objective of dromedary and Bactrian camel cross-breeding practices developed by Kazakh and Russian scientists has been to develop a camel breed with higher milk production capabilities than the Bactrian camel as well as the ability to survive the harsh climate of Central Asia essentially in a free-range situation.

The climatic conditions of such regions are characterized by hot summers and snowbound winters with severe sub-zero temperatures. Numerous hybrids with such qualities have been developed.

Of particular interest are bainar , baykazhy , aydaramir-arada , aydaramir-nar , baidasbeck , and baidar hybrids which have a higher milk production than the Turkmen dromedary. Meanwhile the F2 hybrids: bayshin , and aidaramyr-nar , all F4 hybrids excluding kurt 3 and F5 hybrids sannak, and aidaramyr have a higher live weight than the dromedary and the Bactrian camel. The work of Russian and Kazakh researchers Baimukanov et al.

Breeding hybrid males is not recommended except F5 kurt 4, F4 Dostik 3 , F3 arada-nar. All hybrids have greater productive longevity than dromedary and Bactrian camels with F1 nar-maya and F3 kez-nar capable of 7. When F1 hybrids breed among themselves, the positive effects of heterosis are completely absent and the resulting F2 hybrid, named jarbay , is an unfit animal.

Hybrid calves have a higher birth weight F1 mean birth weight, Their growth rate is also higher. Higher percentages of dromedary genes in a hybrid increases overall milk production due to: longer and more abundant lactation; improves udder size and conformation including better quarters symmetry and development; increased teats spacing, size, and downward direction.

However, this also reduces fat percentage in milk, reduces wool production and early maturity as well as adaptability to colder climates. Higher percentage of Bactrian camel genes in a hybrid increases wool production, live weight, and fat percentage in milk but decreases lactation length and absolute milk yield.

The length of pregnancy also increases. All hybrids have a gestation length shorter than the one of the Bactrian camel mean Dromedary genes shorten the duration of pregnancy. F4 hybrids have a gestation length closest to the Turkmen and Kazakh dromedary. All hybrids have a lower fat percentage in milk than that of Bactrian camels mean 5. Camel hybridization may play an important role in enhancing camel productivity in all areas of Central Asia that presently keep only Bactrian camels because of the inability of dromedaries to survive in the Central Asian climate.

Indeed, trends toward increasing camel milk production utilizing hybrids are already detectable in areas of Kazakhstan Imamura et al. In many areas of Kazakhstan, dromedaries, Bactrian camels, and their hybrids are free-ranging and naturally intermingling Fig. In such conditions, unsupervised mating may occur and go unrecorded. The identification of hybrid camels based on phenotypic characters is unreliable, particularly for later stage hybrids such as F4-F6 Table 1 and Fig.

Rigorous pedigree recording, combined with permanent camel identification, are therefore better tools to clearly identify individual hybrids and the exact genetic contributions of dromedary and Bactrian camel to their genetic make-up.

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